A recap now that my internship is over

My two and a half month long internship at SEEO, Inc. was one of the most eye-opening experiences in my life. Checking in at 9 and leaving at 6:30, I worked long days, but it certainly didn’t seem that way. Now that it is over, I have much to look back upon. This internship was very beneficial for me, and with careful guidance, it allowed me to explore and learn more than just work.

When I began the internship, I was very worried that my project would be over my head and that I would not be able to understand or finish it. Thankfully, my fears were unfounded and for the most part, my project went smoothly. Though my job did not technically require much skill to do, in order to understand the science behind it, I had to rely on what I learned in class. This year, I took EE202, introduction to circuits, which really helped me understand my work better. I was able to use topics such as impedance and equivalent circuits that we went over in class and relate them to my work. This was a good opportunity for me as I have not taken any lab courses yet, and it allowed me to see the information I learned in class applied in the lab. Each week, I presented a slideshow of my collected data and findings, and it was exciting to know that I was doing something that actually helped the company instead of just performing menial tasks.

This summer’s internship was a great opportunity for me to meet new, interesting people. One of my weaknesses has been talking and getting to know adults. My internship allowed me to work on interacting with adults, and I gradually became more comfortable. Working in new environments and with new people had always been a challenge for me, so this was an excellent opportunity for me to get used to working outside my comfort zone. I was also very thankful that my boss and mentor did a great job making sure that I had just the right amount of work to do, and helping me whenever I got stuck.

There was also much for me to do outside of work. This summer, I decided that I would try new and different things, and try to learn as many skills as I could. So with some help from friends, I tried many different activities, from learning to cook to surfing. By the end of the summer, I have been able to make around 5 different, delicious dinner recipes and 2 mouth-watering dessert recipes.

This internship has been my most memorable experiences in recent years. It was a very unique and eventful summer for me. I was able to not only keep myself busy, but also meet some very interesting people and learn many new skills that I would not have otherwise. I have learned a lot in the past two and a half months, and I would definitely take the opportunity to do it again.

Training

Sorry this is such dry reading so far – it’s actually a lot more interesting for me than it sounds. I’m still in the training phase of my internship – getting familiar with how to work all the equipment, reading the data from the graphs, and building different test cells, etc. Today I was shown how to do calculations for preparing polymer-electrolyte solution. This is a mix of polymer, SEEO polymer in this case, and Lithium salt. This is where the ion transfer occurs and the reactions happen in the battery. So unlike what I’ve learned in chem. Class, where measurements are rigidly taken and chemicals are applied mostly in terms of molarity, here, the primary measurements are made in weight percent and ratios. When dissolving the polymer in solvent, the amount of solvent used is determined in the weight percent of polymer in solution, which makes calculations a bit easier since you just measure out a certain number of grams of solvent and polymer on a scale. For the amount of salt, a value called the r-value is used. This does require some chemistry, as you have to calculate the number of moles of EO, a molecule in the polymer, and Lithium from the salt, and they must match a certain ratio, or r-value. Not to bad. So I performed these calculations relatively easily, and I mixed some polymer electrolyte solution with Seeos8 polymer and LiTFSi salt. I mixed a second one also with Seeos8 polymer and LiTFSi salt, but this time I added an additive, PEG 500, according to the corresponding combined r-value, which needed to be modified since additive introduces more EO into the system. Other than that, I built some blocking cells for Albert. I think I’m getting the hang of this, and I’m starting to think I can handle this.

Stuff

Thursday 5/21/09

Today was pretty uneventful. Mohit spent almost the entire day in a meeting, so I just read some more books about impedance and Lithium ion batteries. I think I’m really starting to get the hang of it now. I don’t think I’d bee too eloquent if I had to explain it all, but I think I have the gist of it figured out and have a pretty clear picture in my head about how it all fits together. I took some measurements with the instrument (what?) and took Nyquist plots of different cells. I also learned to clean swage-lock cells, a very important part of the measurements I will be doing, as they house the cell and connect to the measuring instrument. I haven’t really had much practical experience about things I learn in my classes, especially since last semester for EE 202 there wasn’t a lab section and circuit labs come later in the curriculum, so it was very eye-opening to see how everything worked outside the textbook in real life. I always wondered why people would need to know how to use imaginary numbers and such, and I learned about sinusoidal currents and responses to the current in class, but now I got to see it in action and how everything was actually used in industry.

I feel like I'm cramming for an exam

Wednesday 5/20/09

I’m still reading literature about impedance and lithium ion batteries. There’s a surprising amount of material on this field lying around. Today, Mohit actually sat down with me for a while and gave me an overview of everything I was reading, and explained a lot of it to me. I started looking at Nyquist plots, which are plots of the real vs imaginary parts of impedance, which are plots that I will be using a lot in my experiments. It’s really cool how with different combinations of capacitors and resistors different shapes of plots are made based on the impedances of those circuit elements. For example, the Nyquist plot of an in-parallel combination of a resistor and capacitor is a semicircle. An in-series combination of resistor and capacitor is a straight, vertical line. Mohit and I took some time and went through and examined different derivations of the Nyquist plot, and he demonstrated the results to me using real circuit elements. Mohit also had me make some Lithium symmetric cells with sample polymer that he had made. It takes a while to make them, and certain parts of the process are really annoying. Lithium is pretty sticky, so it’s hard positioning it just right over the polymer so that none of it hangs over the edge and shorts with the other Lithium electrode. Takes about 20-30 minutes to make one cell. Afterwards, I hooked it up to the measuring instrument (note: ask what it is called) and took Nyquist impedance plots of it, and as expected, based on what I have learned from lectures and literature, the graph looked normal and showed that the cell I had built resembled a resistor and capacitor in parallel in series with another resistor and capacitor combination in parallel. Awesome. Actually got to get my hands dirty already.

Note: I don't own these images, all images belong to their respective owners.

Light up

Note to self: Take picture of pouch cell.

Tuesday 5/19/09

            It feels like I’m in school again. I’ve been given a lot of reading material about impedance to go over. We briefly touched upon this subject in EE 202, which I just took last semester. Albert and my boss Mohit have both taken some time and gone over with me the basic principles of impedance of different circuit elements, and gave me some literature that I have to read. It’s not too bad. I understand it for the most part. Another coworker, Dan talked to me about basic electrical concepts such as voltage, current, and capacitors, which was good review. So mostly I’m reviewing some information that I’ve learned from school, and when I get a firm grasp on it I should be able to grasp how they all relate to what I will be doing here. I’ve been asking a lot of questions to clarify and make sure that I understand everything as well as I can. My main concern at this point is that a lot of my project will go over my head, seeing as how I’m only a college sophomore and have taken only introductory courses so far. We’ll see how that goes. I got the opportunity to get my hands dirty today, when Dan showed me how to build a pouch cell. It was really cool to see how they actually built the batteries, especially a pouch cell, which looks like a more conventional battery compared to the other types of cells they make here. It didn’t take very long, and afterwards we were able to see that it works by taking a voltage measurement and connecting it to a LED light which was able to light up by being powered by the battery. Neat stuff. So yeah, more reading and questioning.

Seeo internship journal.

I've decided to use this blog to post about my work experience interning here at Seeo Inc. I'll make a post every day to update about how things are going. I'm kind of backlogged since I started my journal a few weeks back, but I'll post a few a day to catch up.

Monday 5/18/09

            Today is my first day at Seeo, Inc, a small startup consisting of around 15 employees working on developing solid-state Lithium ion batteries for different uses. The company’s goal is to eventually implement them in various technologies such as automobiles, laptop computers, and solar panels, among others. One may wonder, what’s wrong with the liquid Lithium ion batteries that are used now? There are a few advantages that a solid-state battery has over a liquid one, the primary reason being safety. Liquid based Lithium ion batteries have a chance to catch fire and explode if exposed to high temperatures. The electrode material can release oxygen when overcharged, causing the flammable solvent to catch fire and the battery to explode. You may have heard in the news about the string laptop battery recalls lately, many from big name computer manufacturers such as Sony, Dell, HP, and Toshiba. Solid-state batteries reduce this risk because of its low flammability and reactivity. Other advantages of solid-state batteries include its cyclability, how many times a battery can be charged and discharged before losing its charge retaining capacity, economy, and weight. The solid-state batteries are lighter and more compact, and can provide more energy with the same amount of weight, and they are also much cheaper to produce, since they can be packaged in heat-sealed pouches instead of being housed in a laser-welded metal container to prevent leakage. My first day was mostly uneventful. I got a tour of the lab facilities that SEEO has from Albert, my de facto mentor, and I sat in on the meetings of the two groups, the synthesis group, which works on developing the materials for the batteries, and the cell group, which creates and tests the batteries with the different materials that the synthesis group makes. Albert also demonstrated to me how to make a simple Lithium symmetric cell. There was a delicious pizza lunch, and I got to meet and talk to everyone in the company. It’s a pretty good working environment and atmosphere.

My essay on Buckminster Fuller with my classmate for my Honors Seminar "Conversations Through the Disciplines"

Really interesting guy. He was able to dabble in a ton of different areas. We also did a presentation on him in class which had the same information in general. Got an A on the essay.

Steve Hsieh, Eric Mikida

UE 152

Berlow

26 March 2009

 

Buckminster Fuller

 

            What does one think about upon hearing the words “futuristic or futurist?” Most likely the words convey a negative connotation in the listener’s mind. The listener imagines a vision of fanciful, radical, silly world filled with food capsules, buildings flying high in the sky, and routine space travel. None of these things would seem very plausible to many people, merely the thoughts and creations of dreamers, and even if they did, the listener might think that the technology to turn these dreams into reality would be years away. But if one just glimpses the prolific accomplishments, designs, and ideas that Buckminster Fuller envisioned in the 88 years of his long life, one might think differently. Authoring over 20 books in his lifetime, his designs were practical, and could be built and sustained easily and efficiently with present-day technologies. Fuller patented 28 different inventions from rowing needles used in boating to the octet truss, one of the strongest trusses, in architecture, to the hanging storage shelf tailored for domestic use, and his inventions even influenced fields that he did not explore. Buckminster Fuller was not only a futurist though, drawing from an impressive multidisciplinary background, Fuller was foremost a visionary and futurist, but also was an architect, author, designer, and inventor, and he made lasting impacts on a whole spectrum of different fields.

            Many of Fuller’s designs were plans for future use. He was one of the first to realize that sustainability and environmental impact were becoming more and more of an issue as the world became more densely populated. Fuller coined the term such as “Spaceship Earth” and was at the forefront of many environmental ideas. He was very concerned with the sustainability of the burgeoning population of human life, and his ideas can be seen in many organizations today, even at UB, where the Engineers for a Sustainable World club is active. During his life, Fuller was predominantly concerned with the question: "Does humanity have a chance to survive lastingly and successfully on planet Earth, and if so, how?" The goal with many of his designs was to make the earth more habitable and a more suitable place for humans to live. He wanted to make Earth less harsh for humans, while still minimizing the amount of damaging environmental impacts that humans may create. His most famous designs and inventions are the “dymaxion” cycle. Dymaxion stands for “Dynamic maximum tension,” a term coined by Fuller. The dymaxion cycle included things such as the Dymaxion car, the Dymaxion map, the Dymaxion chronofile, the Dymaxion house, the Dymaxion bathroom, and even Dymaxion sleep. These Dymaxion inventions focused on efficiency. In order to sustain a growing population of humans, dwellings and lifestyle had to be streamlined and as efficient as possible as the Earth neared carrying capacity. One could say that the central idea of the Dymaxion cycle was “doing more with less” which they most certainly and amazingly did. Some of them were so much more efficient than conventional methods that they blew the mind. He also envisioned ideas such as the megastructure and submarisile. He is also most famously known for his Geodesic dome.

            Fuller’s early life served as an inspiration and catalyst for his later pursuits. He attended Harvard in 1913, but was expelled. He later went to Black Mountain college, where he was able to get a large exposure to the arts, which he later was able to apply to his designs. Fuller once said that he did not design with beauty in mind, but if the final design was not beautiful, he probably did something wrong. He also served in World War One, which was a huge factor in his designs, as many of them were designed for military use. His big turnaround was brought about by the death of his 4 year old daughter in 1922. He also lost his job and was considering suicide. But then he decided to turn his life around and start “an experiment, to find what a single individual can contribute to changing the world and benefiting all humanity” and see what he could do to help advance mankind.

            Dymaxion houses, megastructures, and submarisles were all part of Fuller’s vision of a World Town Plan. The World Town Plan was a view of the future focused on recyclability, mobility, and efficiency. Fuller realized that single family homes were the main cause of urban sprawl and looked to try to improve their efficiency, and so he designed megastructures and dymaxion houses to curb urban sprawl. The Dymaxion house really looked like a house of the future, held off the ground by a single supporting mast. It was cheap, mobile, and self-sufficient, designed to be mass-produced to provide cheap, affordable housing for the needy, in going along with his idea of human sustainability. It would be suspended by cables, which would allow it to be detachable and easily moved by air. Drawing from physics knowledge, Fuller designed the house to resemble the concept of an electric field. The central mast provided utilities such as water, plumbing, and electricity, which would emanate, much like an electric field, around the mast to the rest of the house. Even more efficient than the Dymaxion house was the megastructure. Even though he designed the Dymaxion house, Fuller realized that the house would also contribute to urban sprawl and sought to design the next step in future societies, and he designed the megastructure. The megastructure was similar to a beehive, with hundreds of Dymaxion houses linked together, housing thousands of people. These could be built in the air, on the sea, or underwater. It was better than Dymaxion homes for space efficiency and would also be supported by a central mast. The submarisle was an interesting under-water version of megastructure, which would not be affected by weather and would be accessible and supplied by submarines. Fuller also was at the forefront of the discussion of placing huge domes over existing cities. This would remove weather concerns and eliminate heating and cooling costs as well as removing the need to weather-proof the houses. This would in turn decrease housing costs across the city and make houses more easily accessible to the poor. Fuller estimated that a dome over Manhattan would pay for itself in a few years simply because it eliminated snow removal costs, without factoring any other advantages in.

            Fuller even made contributions to the automotive field with his Dymaxion car. Though only three were made, and it was never put into production, it still had a large impact that stretched the possibilities of automotive design during his time. Built on three wheels, and purportedly able to reach 120 miles, the car was originally meant to also have the ability to fly. Due to lack of technology though, many compromises had to be made. It could seat 11 people, and was able to have a small turn radius do to it’s low center of gravity at the front of the car. It was able to have 30 miles per gallon, while its competitors at the time only were able to reach 20, and even today, it would still be a competitive economy car. Though it was never made, it is a good look into what the future holds, and reinforces the idea that Fuller was a designer first and a creator second.

            Perhaps one of Fuller’s most radical redesigns of a conventional idea was the Dymaxion bathroom. It was designed so that there are minimal places for mold or germ buildup. It had large radius corners to make cleaning easy, and was designed with easy access for children and senior citizens in mind. Fuller believed that showering was wasteful, and that it only required a cup of vaporized water to completely clean oneself. Each day, millions of gallons of water are used in America in order to flush waste in toilets. With Fuller’s Dymaxion bathroom, the toilet would be waterless, and it would shrink-wrap waste for disposal. This would cost a fraction of other bathrooms and produce far less waste.

            Fuller also found time to redesign the map, which one would think is as close to reality as we can make it. He created the Dymaxion map to be an unfolding globe without losing geographic integrity due to losing the spherical shape. It had less distortion than other forms of maps, and could be unfolded in different ways. Fuller didn’t believe in a right way to view the world, and he thought that concepts like up and down, left and right, and north and south were man-made.  By unfolding his map one way, one could put all of the land masses in the middle, but unfolding it another way would put the land on the outside with water on the inside. The key is that all of these methods of unfolding the map were right. Fuller argued that there was no “right” way to view the world.

            For two years of his life, Fuller was more efficient than most even in his sleep. He was an advocate of the polyphasic sleep pattern, and slept for only 2 hours a day for 2 years of his life. He would split up his sleep into 20 minute naps every 4 hours. This would allow him to get 22 working hours per day, compared to the normal 12-16 hours per day. This kind of sleeping works because, when one normally  misses sleep or sleeps less than they normally do, they enter “REM rebound” and the body quickly falls into REM sleep. With Dymaxion sleep, the sleeper immediately falls into REM sleep. Studies have shown that the first 2 hours of sleep are the most sound, and 2 hours is all that you really need. Fuller believed that the body had two sources of energy, a primary source, which was quickly used and recharged, and a secondary source, which took longer to recharge. When his primary energy source ran out, when he could no longer concentrate (usually in a period of about 4 hours), he would go to sleep and recharge the primary source. When he went to be examined clinically, psychologists determined that Fuller was completely sound. He eventually had to give up his routine, as his business partners were not happy with his schedule and were not particularly fond him dropping off in a 20 minute nap during a meeting.

Fuller had many quirks like this, and liked to experiment with unconventional activities, such as the Dymaxion Chronofile. When traveling, Fuller was said to have worn three watches: one for the current zone, one for the zone he had departed, and one for the zone he was going to. The chronofile was a fully documented account of Fuller’s life from 1915 to his death in 1983. He kept all the information in a scrap book, in which he added one entry every 15 minutes. These entries included things from bills, documents, and newspaper clippings to journal entries. Approximately 80 meters or 270 feet of paper was used, and the documents can now be found in the archives at Stanford University. Fuller’s life is considered the most documented human life in history, and one could say that he was a precursor and pioneer for early blogging, and lifeblogging, a growing trend where people carry around a video camera and record every minute of their life to be broadcast, usually online. Fuller was clearly ahead of his time.

             Fuller is most known for his geodesic domes, which has had a lasting and large impact on many different fields. The geodesic dome stemmed from Fuller’s interest in the Geodesic Theory, which was a mathematical concept that dealt with representing spheres using line segments and was the key to Fuller’s geodesic domes, which were built with a lattice of straight trusses that, when assembled, took the form of a sphere. The geodesic dome could be considered the lasting legacy of Buckminster Fuller and Fuller’s great breakthrough to prominence. It was transportable and recyclable, and could be built to any scale. 500,000 have been built worldwide. As stated before, Fuller was very much influenced by his time serving in the military in World War One, and his domes were originally designed for military use. They were light, and could be easily airlifted and transported to make quick, durable, pre-built bases and shelters. Notable domes around the world include the Fantasy Entertainment Complex in Kyosho Isle, Japan, the Multi-Purpose Arena in Nagoya, Japan, the Tacoma Dome in Tacoma, Washington, the Superior Dome of Northern Michigan University, the Eden Project in Cornwall, UK, the Montreal Biosphere in Montreal, Quebeck, and the iconic Spaceship Earth of Epcot amusement park in Disney World, Florida. The domes were built to be shelters, but though it had many advantages, there were disadvantages to it that made it unpractical for conventional housing. It had many parts and connections, and therefore had many holes that had to be covered to prevent leakage. It was very efficient space-wise, but the spherical shape of it turned out to be more of a constraint, as most furniture was designed for rectangular rooms, rather than round ones, and it would be difficult to divide up floor space for separate rooms due to the spherical nature of the domes. There are many other uses for the domes though. For example, the Eden project is used as a greenhouse and enclosed biome/greenhouse for incubating many different species of plant-life.

            Another use of the geodesic sphere was the geoscope. The geoscope combined the dymaxion map and the geodesic sphere. It was a globe 200 feet in diameter with the dymaxion map projected onto it. The pixelized interface displays world data ranging from climate information, to stock market activity, to traffic conditions. The computer-generated image gave a dynamically changing world view, like that which Fuller believed in. In 1952, Fuller collaborated with John McHale to make it a reality. The geoscope was created and is located in Nottingham, England at the school of architecture.

            Fuller’s inventions were so relevant that they impacted disciplines that he didn’t even intend them to. The most prominent of these is the field of chemistry. 2 years after his death, C60 was discovered, and was named after Buckminster Fuller for its resemblance to the geodesic dome. They were called Bucky Balls, which were part of the family of Fullerenes. Bucky Balls were spheres of carbon made up of hexagons and pentagons of carbon. One of the most important applications of the discovery of Fullerenes is the Carbon nanotube. Instead of being arranged in a sphere, the hexagons are arranged in a cylindrical fashion. Their unique molecular structure results in extraoradinary properties, including high tensile strength, high electrical conductivity, high ductility, high resistance to heat, and relative chemical inactivity, making it a perfect material for high intensity uses such as future space technology like space elevators; it has even been considered for use as armor for the military. They have also been studied for biological and medical use. For example, In April 2003, fullerenes were under study for potential medicinal use: binding specific antibiotics to the structure to target resistant bacteria and even they could even be used to target cancer cells and they have huge potential for the ongoing cancer battle in the future. Because the fullerenes are so structurally sound, it shows that Fuller’s geodesic dome design was one of the strongest, most efficient structures available with such a small amount of material, which was exactly what Fuller was aiming for: efficiency, efficiency, efficiency.

            We learned a lot from the research that we did on Richard Buckminster Fuller and we believe that others can also learn from this knowledge. Fuller took inspiration from many different disciplines and used it very comprehensively as he forged new paths in architecture, design, engineering, literature and the arts. He was the second president of Mensa, and clearly put his genius to good use, writing over 20 books and creating 28 patents dealing with many different fields. Because of this, people can learn from him no matter what discipline they happen to belong to.

            One of the things wefound most fascinating during our research was the view that different disciplines had on Fuller. In the book Starting With the Universe it was pointed out that a lot of people in engineering and architecture based fields had a skeptical view of Fuller’s work. Fuller even said himself that he enjoyed being in artistic circles and felt most comfortable in them. This came as shocking to us because from an outsiders view, Fuller seems to be an engineering, mathematical type. It is only when you really delve deeper and learn more about him that you see how he is truly multi-disciplinary in nature. Fuller believed that artists have a different way of looking at things than do engineers, architects, etc. He said that artists are better at seeing the “nature’s inherent patterns” and that scientists can use these patterns in order to better solve problems they come across. By taking knowledge from both fields, problems can be solved in a more efficient and effective way, and this is something that everyone in the class can learn from.

            A lot of students in the class are pharmacy students. Pharmacy is generally considered a very scientific field, but following Fuller’s philosophy, these students could solve problems in a more effective way if they learn to think comprehensively and use multi-disciplinary thinking. Also, as it would happen, due to the theory of geodesics that really came to the forefront because of Buckminster Fuller, a whole new area in chemistry and medicine has opened up with the discovery of Bucky Balls and fullerenes. These have the potential to be applied in multiple different fields of chemistry and medicine and by the time they graduate even more will be known on the subject.

            As for us, after doing this research on Fuller, we have been finally and thoroughly convinced of the benefits and applications of multi-disciplinary thinking. It has been stressed throughout the class and we have seen many examples of its benefits but we just wasn’t totally convinced. After doing this research on Fuller and seeing real concrete stuff and reading about his thoughts directly on the matter, we finally see a real application of it all. With our engineering majors now we are trying to open our eyes more to problems from class and we are trying to remember what Fuller said about different perspectives. We feel that we will be more successful engineers if we are able to keep in mind what we learned from our research on Buckminster Fuller.

We are very glad to have gotten Buckminster Fuller for our person to research. He was very fascinating, and we felt like we could relate to him better, because of his strong background in engineering than we could have to someone who was more art focused. Fuller was a futurist, not an idealist, but a realist. Though many of his designs were not put into application, he designed his creations with a practical aspect that was relevant and still is relevant to the world’s current growing sustainability problems. Unlike many futurists, his designs may one day see a renewal and be put into consideration. A lot can be learned from Fuller and we would be very interested to see if any of his ideas become realities during our lifetime.

References

Anker, Peder.  “Buckminster Fuller as Captain of Spaceship Earth.”  Minerva: A Review of Science, Learning & Policy 45. 4 (2007): 417-434.  America: History & Life.  Ebsco Industries.  University at Buffalo.  20 March 009 .

 

Buckminster Fuller Institute. Buckminster Fuller Institute.  2009.  20 March 2009 .

 

Fuller, Richard Buckminster. Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth. New York: Penguin Books, 1971.

 

Hayes, K. Michael and Dana Miller, ed. Starting With the Universe. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art, 2008.

 

Lipnack, Jessica. "Fuller's Legacy." The New Yorker 7 July. 2008: 7.

 

Ouroussoff, Nicolai. "Fixing Earth One Dome At a Time." The New York Times.

 

R. Buckminster Fuller Collection.  Stanford University.  2006.  20 March 2009 .

 

Sorkin Michael.  “Bucky lives! Why Fuller matters more today than ever before.”  Architectural Record 196. 11 (Nov 2008).  Academic Search Premier.  EBSCO Industries.  University at Buffalo.  20 March 2009 .

 

Wilson, Richard G.  “Fuller, R(ichard) Buckminster.”  Oxford Art Online.  2009.  Day 20 March 2009 <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/article/

grove/art/T030180?q=Buckminster+Fuller&search=quick&pos=1&_start=1#firsthit>.

 

Wolfson, Richard. "Fuller's Legacy." The New Yorker 7 July. 2008: 7.